The Son of Man's Trials
Comments for Study 40
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I. Jesus Before Soldiers (22:63-65)
* Luke 19:28 "After Jesus had said this, he went on ahead, going up to Jerusalem."
* All four gospels have Jesus' entry into Jerusalem. So this is very important.
* Jesus' final entry into Jerusalem was his official announcement to Israel that he would be their king if they would accept him as such.
* A timeline of this week is as follows.
Friday -Jesus arrives in the Jerusalem area. (John 11:54-12:1)
Saturday (Sabbath) -a day of rest; no event recorded except Luke 21:37-38.
Sunday -Jesus' triumphal entry. (Matt. 21:1-11; Mark 11:1-10; Luke 19:29-44; John 12:12-19)
Monday -Jesus curses the fig tree (Matt. 21:18-19; Mark 11:12-14). Jesus clears out the Temple. (Matt 21:12-13; Mark 11:15-18)
Tuesday -Jesus' authority questioned. (Matt. 21:23-27; Mark 11:27-33; Luke 20:18) Jesus teaches in the temple. (Matt. 21:28-22:46; Mark 12:1-44; Luke 20:9-21:4) Jesus wept over Jerusalem's leader's unbelief and rejecting him as thier King. (Matthew 23:1-39) Jesus anointed at Bethany. (Matt. 26:6-13; Mark 13:3-9; John 12:2-11)
Wednesday -another day of rest; no event recorded except Luke 21:37-38. The Jews plot to kill Jesus. (Matt. 26:14-16; Mark 14:10-11; Luke 22:3-6)
Thursday (Hebrew month Abib the 13th day) -the Passover meal begins at twilight (see below note) when Jesus and the disciples celebrate the Last Supper. (Matt. 26:17-29; Mark 14:12-25; Luke 22:7-20; John 13:1-18) Jesus comforts the disciples (John 14:1-16:33) Jesus prays at Gethsemane. (Matt. 26:26-46; Mark 14:32-42; Luke 22:40-46)
Friday (Hebrew month Abib, 14 day) -According Hebrew time Jesus is arrest and tried from night to daylight. (Matt. 26:47-27:26; Mark 14:43-15:15; Luke 22:47-23:25; John 18:2-19:16) Jesus' crucifixion at 3:00pm, and death before sunset which is the end of the Hebrew day and Passover. (Matt. 27:27-56; Mark 15:16-41; Luke 23:26-49; John 19:17-30) Jesus is buried at sunset. (Matt. 27:57-66; mark 15:42-47; Luke 23:50-56; John 19:31-42)
Saturday (Sabbath Abib 15, Seven day Feast of Unleavened Bread begins) Jesus' body is in the tomb. He appears in Sheol and accompanies the saints previously dead to heaven.
Sunday (Abib 16; day of First Fruits Sheaf Wave) Jesus' morning resurrection and appearing to the women. (Mark 16:9-11; John 20:11-18) Then he appeared to the two on the road. (Mark 16:12-13; Luke 24:13-35) Then to the ten apostles (no Thomas or Judas) in the evening. (Mark 16:14; Luke 24:36-43; John 20:19-25)
Saturday (Sabbath) -Jesus appears to Thomas and the rest of the apostles. (John 20:26-31)
A week later -Jesus talks and eats with some disciples by the Sea of Galilee. (John 21:1-25)
Fourty days since his resurrection -Jesus ascends to his Father from the Mount of Olives. (Matt. 28:15-20; Mark 18:19-20; Luke 24:44-53; Acts 1:1-11)
* Note: The Passover is linked to the 14th days of the month not the day of the week. Passover starting on Thursday at twilight is a very rare event; unusally it starts on a different day of the week. (Hebrew days start at sunset/twilight and go thru the night till the next day's sunset.) Falling on a Thursday that year made it possible for Jesus to fulfill the meaning behind the feasts associated with the Passover. His crucified was on Friday (still Passover), the Sabbath (Saturday) rest was the Feast of Unleavened Bread (always on the first Sabbath after Passover), and Sunday was the third day since his death, the day of the First Fruit Sheaf Wave, and the day that Jesus rose from the dead. All three feasts were thus fulfilled by Jesus.
>1. Why would the guards mock and beat Jesus? (63)
* Luke 22:63 "The men who were guarding Jesus began mocking and beating him."
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>What does their words show about their understanding? (64)
* Luke 22:64 "They blindfolded him and demanded, "Prophesy! Who hit you?"
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>What does this show about man's nature? (65)
* Luke 22:65 "And they said many other insulting things to him."
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II. Jesus Before Religious Leaders (22:66-71)
>2. What did the Jewish council ask Jesus? (66-67a)
* Luke 22:66-67a "At daybreak the council of the elders of the people, both the chief priests and teachers of the law, met together, and Jesus was led before them. "If you are the Christ," they said, "tell us.""
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>Why?
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>How did Jesus answer? (67b-69)
* Luke 22:67b-69 "Jesus answered, "If I tell you, you will not believe me,and if I asked you, you would not answer. But from now on, the Son of Man will be seated at the right hand of the mighty God."
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>When ask if he was the Son of God how did Jesus respond?
* Luke 22:70 "They all asked, "Are you then the Son of God?" He replied, "You are right in saying I am."
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>How did the elders respond?
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III. Jesus Before the Civil Leaders (23:1-12)
>3. Why did the religious leaders lead Jesus to Pilate?
* Luke 23:1 "Then the whole assembly rose and led him off to Pilate."
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>What were their charges against him?
* Luke 23:2 "And they began to accuse him, saying, "We have found this man subverting our nation. He opposes payment of taxes to Caesar and claims to be Christ, a king."
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>How did Jesus answer Pilate?
* Luke 23:3 "So Pilate asked Jesus, "Are you the king of the Jews?" "Yes, it is as you say," Jesus replied."
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>Through his answer what did Jesus affirm about his kingship and his kingdom?
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>4. Even though Jesus just stated a crime leagally punishable by death what did Pilate tell the religious leader?
* Luke 23:4 "Then Pilate announced to the chief priests and the crowd, "I find no basis for a charge against this man."
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>Why?
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>Why couldn't he pronounce the verdict according to his conviction?
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>Why couldn't he pronounce the verdict according to his conviction? (5)
* Luke 23:5 "But they insisted, "He stirs up the people all over Judea by his teaching. He started in Galilee and has come all the way here."
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>5. Why was Jesus sent to Herod?
* Luke 23:6-7 "On hearing this, Pilate asked if the man was a Galilean. When he learned that Jesus was under Herod's jurisdiction, he sent him to Herod, who was also in Jerusalem at that time."
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>Why was Herod pleased with seeing Jesus?
* Luke 23:8 "When Herod saw Jesus, he was greatly pleased, because for a long time he had been wanting to see him. From what he had heard about him, he hoped to see him perform some miracle."
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>How did he treat Jesus? (9-11)
* Luke 23:9-11 "He plied him with many questions, but Jesus gave him no answer. The chief priests and the teachers of the law were standing there, vehemently accusing him. Then Herod and his soldiers ridiculed and mocked him. Dressing him in an elegant robe, they sent him back to Pilate."
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>How does this reveal his superficiality?
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>6. What did this event bring about between political rivals? (12)
* Luke 23:12 "That day Herod and Pilate became friends--before this they had been enemies."
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>Even though Pilate, Herod and the Jewish leadership had different backgrounds, what did they have in common?<
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IV. Jesus Before Civilians (23:13-25)
>7. What was Pilate's judgment concerning Jesus, being guilty or not guilty? (4, 13-15, 22)
* Luke 23:13-15 "Pilate called together the chief priests, the rulers and the people, and said to them, "You brought me this man as one who was inciting the people to rebellion. I have examined him in your presence and have found no basis for your charges against him. Neither has Herod, for he sent him back to us; as you can see, he has done nothing to deserve death."
* Luke 23:22 "For the third time he spoke to them: "Why? What crime has this man committed? I have found in him no grounds for the death penalty. Therefore I will have him punished and then release him."
* Luke 23:4 "Then Pilate announced to the chief priests and the crowd, "I find no basis for a charge against this man."
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>Why couldn't he pronounce the verdict according to his conviction?
* Luke 23:16-17 "Therefore, I will punish him and then release him."
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>8. How did he try to compromise with the Jews?
* Luke 23:18-22 "With one voice they cried out, "Away with this man! Release Barabbas to us!" (Barabbas had been thrown into prison for an insurrection in the city, and for murder.) Wanting to release Jesus, Pilate appealed to them again. But they kept shouting, "Crucify him! Crucify him!" For the third time he spoke to them: "Why? What crime has this man committed? I have found in him no grounds for the death penalty. Therefore I will have him punished and then release him."
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>What was Pilate's final decision?
* Luke 23:23-25 "But with loud shouts they insistently demanded that he be crucified, and their shouts prevailed. So Pilate decided to grant their demand. He released the man who had been thrown into prison for insurrection and murder, the one they asked for, and surrendered Jesus to their will. "
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>What does this show about him?
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>9. Had Jesus ever broke either Roman or God's law?
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>Even though questioned and tested many times by the religious leaders had they found any?
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>How does their words to Pilate reveal their heart?
* Luke 23:2 "And they began to accuse him, saying, "We have found this man subverting our nation. He opposes payment of taxes to Caesar and claims to be Christ, a king.""
* Luke 23:5 But they insisted, "He stirs up the people all over Judea by his teaching. He started in Galilee and has come all the way here."
* Luke 23:18-19 "With one voice they cried out, "Away with this man! Release Barabbas to us!" (Barabbas had been thrown into prison for an insurrection in the city, and for murder.)"
* Luke 23:21 But they kept shouting, "Crucify him! Crucify him!"
* Luke 23:23 "But with loud shouts they insistently demanded that he be crucified, and their shouts prevailed."
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